Basic discission

C operators are classified into a number of categories. They include:

1. Arithmetic operators

2. Relational operators

3. Logical operators

4. Assignment operators

5. Increment and Decrement operators

6. Conditional operators

7. Bitwise operators

8. Special operators

1.ARITHMETIC OPERATORS::

The operators are

+  (Addition)

-  (Subtraction)

*  (Multiplication)

/  (Division)

%  (Modulo division)

Eg: 1) a-b 2) a+b 3) a*b 4) p%q

The modulo division produces the remainder of an integer division.

The modulo division operator cannot be used on floating point data.

Note: C does not have any operator for exponentiation.

Artthmetic operators are divided into::

a. Integer Arithmetic

When both the operands in a single arithmetic expression are integers, the expression

is called an integer expression , and the operation is called integer arithmetic.

During modulo division the sign of the result is always the sign of the first operand.

That is

-14 % 3 = -2

-14 % -3 = -2

14 % -3 = 2

b.Real Arithmetic

An arithmetic operation involving only real operands is called real arithmetic. If x and y

are floats then we will have:

1) x = 6.0 / 7.0 = 0.857143

2) y = 1.0 / 3.0 = 0.333333

The operator % cannot be used with real operands.

c.Mixed-mode Arithmetic

When one of the operands is real and the other is integer, the expression is called a

mixed-mode arithmetic expression and its result is always a real number.

Eg: 1) 15 / 10.0 = 1.5

2.RELATIONAL OPERATORS

1) < (is less than)

2) <= (is less than or equal to)

3)> (is greater than)

4) >= (is greater than or equal to)

5) = = (is equal to)

6) != (is not equal to)

3.LOGICAL OPERATORS

C has the following three logical operators.

&& (logical AND)

|| (logical OR)

! (logical NOT)

Eg: 1) if(age>55 && sal<1000)

2) if(number<0 || number>100)

4.ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

The usual assignment operator is ‘=’.In addition, C has a set of ‘shorthand’

assignment operators of the form, v op = exp;

Eg:1.x += y+1;

This is same as the statement

x=x+(y+1);

Statement with  shorthand operator   Statement with simple assignment operator

a + =1                                                  a = a + 1

a - = 1                                                   a = a – 1

a *= n + 1                                           a = a * (n+1)

a /= n + 1                                           a = a / (n+1)

a %= b                                             a = a % b

5.INCREMENT AND DECREMENT OPERATORS

C has two very useful operators that are not generally found in other languages. These

are the increment and decrement operator:

++ and --

The operator ++ adds 1 to the operands while – subtracts 1.It takes the following

form:

++m; or m++

--m; or m—

6.CONDITIONAL OPERATOR

A ternary operator pair “?:” is available in C to construct conditional expression of the

form:

exp1 ? exp2 : exp3;

Here exp1 is evaluated first. If it is true then the expression exp2 is evaluated and

becomes the value of the expression. If exp1 is false then exp3 is evaluated and its value

becomes the value of the expression.

Eg:1) if(a>b)

x = a;

else

x = b;

7. BITWISE OPERATORS

Operator                               Meaning

&                                           Bitwise AND

|                                             Bitwise OR

^                                            Bitwise XOR

<<                                         Shift left

>>                                         Shift right

~                                           One’s complement

8. SPECIAL OPERATORS

C supports some special operators such as

Ø Comma operator

Ø Size of operator

Ø Pointer operators(& and *) and

Ø Member selection operators(. and ->)

MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS

Mathematical functions such as sqrt, cos, log etc., are the most frequently used ones.

To use the mathematical functions in a C program, we should include the line

#include<math.h>

in the beginning of the program.

Trignometric                            Function Meaning

acos(x)                                    Arc cosine of x

asin(x)                                        Arc sine of x

atan(x)                                      Arc tangent of x

atan2(x,y)                                  Arc tangent of x/y

cos(x)                                        cosine of x

sin(x)                                        sine of x

tan(x)                                      tangent of x

Hyperbolic

cosh(x)                             Hyperbolic cosine of x

sinh(x)                                yperbolic sine of x

tanh(x)                             Hyperbolic tangent of x